Matthew Charlton (15 March 1866 – 8 December 1948) was an Australian politician. He served as the leader of the Australian Labor Party and the Leader of the Opposition from January 1922 to March 1928. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1910 to 1928. He also served two terms as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (1903–1904, 1904–1910).
Charlton was born in Linton, Victoria. He grew up in Newcastle, New South Wales. He married Martha Rollings in 1889. He had two children. He died on 8 December 1948 in Lambton, New South Wales, at the age of 82.[1]